In the May 2009 issue
Finding breakthrough therapies for chronic pain
Serum amyloid P in arthritis models
Recent Peer Publications
Immunolocalization of keratocan in tendon
Antibodies that identify catabolic neoepitopes within the IGD domain of Aggrecan
T1/ST2 (IL-33R) antibodies - 10% off
Finding Breakthrough therapies in the treatment of chronic pain.
Pain is associated with the threat or presence of tissue damage and protects the body by warning us to avoid potentially harmful situations. We sense pain through the activation of sensory neurons. The 'first-order' sensory neuron resides in teh dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Axons from the neurons within these ganlia innervate our skin, organs and bones. These fibers terminate wither in specialized receptors that sense vibration, mechanical forces, heat etc., or they terminate as free nerve endings that are exposed to the chemical environment of the tissue.
Continue reading Finding Breakthrough therpies View Pain models
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Serum Amyloid P as a bioomarker in model of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Amyloid P component makes up 14% of the dry mass of amyloid deposits, and it is thought to be a contributor to the pathogenesis of a related group of diseases referred to as amyloidoses - a condition in which amyloid proteins are abnormally deposited in organs and/or tissues. This
condition can also be associated with several diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis, Parkinson's Disease, Atherosclerosis etc.
MD Biosciences measured the serum amyloid P levels in the Collagen Antibody Induced Arthritis (CAIA) model in mice. Balb/c mice were administered via IV 3 mg ArthritoMab™ Antibody Cocktail and given 50 ug LPS boost. Upon study termination, serum amyloid P levels were evaluated.
Models of Arthritis
ArthritoMab™ Antibody Cocktail
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Recent Peer Publications
Role of Breast regression protein 39 (BPR-39)/chitinase 3-like-1 in Th2 and IL-13 induced tissue responses and apoptosis.
Chun Geun Lee et al., (May 2009) JEM 206(5):1149
Product: OVA-IgE ELISA
Application: Quantitate OVA-specific IgE levels in OVA-induced Th2 inflammation.
Estimation of the dietary requirement for vitamin D in free-lining adults > 64 yr of age.
Kevin D Cashman et al., (May 2009) Am J Clinical Nutrition 89:1366
Product: Intact PTH ELISA
Application: Measure serum intact PTH levels from patients > 64 yrs old.
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Immunolocalization of Keratocan in tendon (monoclonal antibody KER-1).
The assembly of type I collagen in tendon is regulated by small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs). Keratocan belongs to the SLRP family and was originally found to be a cornea-specific keratan sulphate proteoglycan that, along with Lumican, plays a role in the development and maintenance or corneal transparency. Research suggests that the keratan sulphate (KS)-containing SLRPs also play an important role in collagen fibrillogenesis in tendon and articular cartilage (1).
In this study, tendon sections were treated with chondroitinase ABC, keratanase, keratanase II and endo-ß-galactosidase and were immunolableled using monoclonal Antibody Keratocan, clone KER-1 (Catalog # 1042008). Data shows immunolocalisation of keratocan in mature bovine depp digital flexor tendon. (A) Transverse section of compressed tendon immunolabelled with the mAb KER-1 (shown in red) which recognises the keratocan core protein and polyclonal antibody 70-XR90 (shown in green) which recognises type I collagen. Areas of co-localisation of keratocan/collagen I immunolabelling are shown in yellow. Cell nuclei are shown in blue. Positive immunolabelling of tendon collagen fibre bundles (solid arrows) and endotenon regions
(dashed arrows) is indicated. (B) Transverse sections of compressed tendon (I, II), tensional tendon (III, IV) and cornea (V), immunolabelled with mAb KER-1 and counterstained with DAPI. Images are presented as red/green anaglyphs where positive immunolabelling is shown in green and cell nuclei in red (areas of co-localisation of keratocan immunolabelling with tendon cells are shown in yellow). Positive immunolabelling of tendon collagen fibre bundles (solid arrows) and endotenon regions (dashed arrows) is indicated (I-IV). Tendon sections with the primary antibody omitted showed no immunolabelling (VI).
Reference:
1. Immunolocalisation and expression of keratocan in tendon.
Rees SG, Waggett AD, Kerr BC, Probert J, Gealy EC, Dent CM, Caterson B, Hughes CE. (2009) Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2:276.
| Product |
Catalog # |
Qty/Size |
Application |
| Antibody to Keratocan |
1042008 |
0.1 mg |
ELISA, IHC, WB |
| Antibody to Lumican |
1042007 |
0.1 mg |
ELISA, IHC, WB |
| Antibody to Keratocan Sulphate |
1042010 |
0.1 mg |
ELISA, IHC, WB |
| Antibody to Lubricin |
1042011 |
0.1 mg |
ELISA, IHC, WB |
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Antibodies that identify catabolic neoepitopes within the IGD domain of aggrecan.
Monoclonal antibodies generated by the action of aggrecanases or MMPs within the
interglobular domain (IGD) of aggrecan are used to monitor the proteolysis of aggrecan. These antibodies identify specific classes of enzyme involved in cartilage degradation in synovial fluid and in vitro culture systems that mimic cartilage proteoglycan aggregate catabolism in the pathogenesis of arthritis.
Figure 1: Schematic summarizing some of the monoclonal antibodies towards epitopes on the aggrecan core protein; ‘native' glycosaminoglycans (light turquoise), and neo-epitope antigen recognition sites on glycosaminoglycan ‘stubs' generated by enzymatic deglycosylation (light green). CS, Chondroitin sulphate; C-0-S, Chondroitin-0-sulphate; C-4-S, Chondroitin-4-sulphate; C-6-S, Chondroitin-6-sulphate; IGD, Inter-Globular domain; KS, Keratan sulphate; MMP, Matrix metalloproteinase. Data used with permission from
Antibodies and immunohistochemistry in extracellular matrix research. A Hayes, C Hughes, B Caterson (2008) Methods 10-21.
MD Biosciences antibodies can be used with immunohistochemistry, western blotting and ELISA techniques. Figure 2 below shows immunolabeling of extracellular matrix molecules (green) at the cartilage-bone interface of young bovine articular cartilage. Cell nuclei depicted in red. (D) Aggrecan IGD Antibody, clone 6B4 (Cat #1042005) used at 1:20 and treated with Chondroitinase ABC (H) Chondroitin-4-sulphate, clone 2B6 (Cat #1042009) used at 1:20 and treated with Chondroitinase ABC (K) Mouse immunoglobulin as the negative control. Data used with permission from Antibodies and immunohistochemistry in extracellular matrix research. A Hayes, C Hughes, B Caterson (2008) Methods 10-21.
Antibodies that recognize catabolic neoepitopes within the Aggrecan IGD domain
| Monoclonal Antibody |
Function |
| Aggrecan Antibody, clone BC3 |
Recognizes the N-terminal sequence ARGxxx generated after aggrecanase metabolism |
| Aggrecan Antibody, clone BC4 |
Recognizes the C-terminal sequence xxxPES generated after MMP catabolism |
| Aggrecan Antibody, clone BC13 |
Recognizes the C-terminal sequence xxxEGE generated after aggrecanase catabolism |
| Aggrecan Antibody, clone BC14 |
Recognizes the N-terminal sequence FFGxxx generated after MMP catabolism |
Antibodies that recognize structure epitopes within the metabolites of these molecules
| Monoclonal Antibody |
Function |
| IGD-Aggrecan Antibody, clone 6B4 |
Recognizes the specific linear sequence (...EPEEP) that occurs within the IGD domain of bovine or human Aggrecan |
| C-4-S and DS Antibody, clone 2B6 |
Recognizes 4-sulphated unsaturated disaccharides of chondroitin sulphates as well as degradation products by aggrecanase, MMPs or other proteolytic
activities along the core protein fragments. |
Additional Proteoglycan Antibodies
| Monoclonal Antibody |
Function |
Keratan Sulphate Antibody,
clone 5D4 |
Recognizes native keratan sulphate epitope |
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T1/ST2 (IL-33R) Antibodies - 10% off
IL-33 is a recently identified member of the IL-1 family of cytokines and is involved in Th2 mediated immune responses. IL-33 mediates its biological effects via T1/ST2 (also known as ST2L) binding. T1/ST2 is a selective marker for both murine and human Th2 lymphocytes and plays a role in regulating inflammatory responses. Additionally, T1/ST2 is highly expressed on mast cells, which have been recognized as mediators in the pathogenesis of arthritis.
T1/ST2 is the ligand binding chain of the IL-33R complex. The roles of IL-33 and T1/ST2 (IL-33Ra) have been investigated in many immune responses such as allergy, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. MD Biosciences offers antibodies for T1/ST2 (ST2L, IL-33Ra) for use in a variety of applications such as ELISA, Western Blot, Flow cytometry and IHC.
T cell antibodies - 10% off through June 12, 2009. Use promotion code EM3PT09
Data: Anti-T1/ST2 in a model of allergic airway disease
Catalog # 101001
Data provided by Carol A. Wu and Lynn Puddington, Department of Immmunology, University of Conneticut-Health Center, Farmington, CT
The OVA-induced allergic airway disease model is driven by Th2 cells and is characterized by increased airway inflammation, enhanced airway hyperreactivity and increased mucous production. The Immunology Dept at the U of Connecticut-Health Center has demonstrated that concomitant murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection results in a decrease in airway eosinophilia in mice with AAD, which is accompanied by a decrease in Th2 cytokine production in BALF. Now the interest was in determining whether concomitant MCMV infection altered the profile of Th2 cells in mice with AAD.
Figure: Concomitant MCMV infection decreased with %Th2 cells in BALF in mice with AAD. Flow cytometric analysis of cells in BALF were gated on lymphocytes within the total CD45+ leukocyte population. The percentage of cells co-expressing CD4 and T1/ST2 was 5- to 8-fold higher in uninfected mice with AAD as compared to MCMV infected mice with AAD.
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